Which databases are running on the machine

From Unix

The 'uniq' should not be necessary!

ps -ef|grep [o]ra_pmon|sed -e 's/.*_//'|sort|uniq

From Windows

sc query | perl -00 -ne 'print "$1 $2\n"  if /^SERVICE_NAME: OracleService(\w+).DISPLAY.+?STATE\s+:\s+\d\s+(\w+)/s'

How to see what databases have been defined (running or not)

cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab (Solaris)

cat /etc/oratab (others)